technologies as adjuncts to a higher magni
f
cation that enable
in situ identi
f
cation of speci
f
c tissues types, or even cell
types. Software-guided tissue and cell type identi
f
cation and
precise isolation of cells that can later be used for autologous
grafting, or even transplanted intraoperatively for improved
outcomes, will help streamline operative care. One can
envision the growing use of automation in surgery as well,
with improved decision support software and robotic capa-
bilities progressively improving on outcomes achievable only
by humans today.
The lack of major technologic leaps along the path to the
current state of microsurgery pays tribute to human ingenuity,
showcasing the persistence of a collaborative group of innovators
who realized stepwise improvement that, over time, contributed
to signi
f
cant progress. Microsurgery
’
s evolution will continue to
surprise and impress even its most involved and productive
innovators.
Alexander W. Pastuszak, M.D., Ph.D.,
Center for
Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX; Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of
Medicine, Houston, TX; Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2014.12.061
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85: 974
e
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2015 Elsevier Inc.
UROLOGY 85 (5), 2015
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