Funding

R.R. and J.R.K. are National Institutes of Health (NIH) K12

Scholars supported by a Male Reproductive Health Research

Career (MHRH) Development Physician-Scientist Award

(HD073917-01) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National

Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

Program.

Con

ﬂ

icts of Interest

J.M.S., R.R., N.W., J.R.K.

–

None. L.I.L.

–

Clinical trials

participant, Consultant, Speaker: Auxilium; Clinical trials,

Consultant, Speaker: Endo.

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Correspondence:

Larry I. Lipshultz, 6624 Fannin Street,

#1700, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

e-mail:

larryl@bcm.edu

Abbreviations:

AAS, androgenic anabolic steroids; ADAM,

Androgen De

ﬁ

ciency in the Aging Male (questionnaire); ED,

erectile dysfunction; EMAS, European Male Ageing Study;

TST, testosterone supplementation therapy; TT, total

testosterone.

146

2014 The Authors

BJU International

2014 BJU International

Scovell

et al